Smiley-Shaped Posterior Retinotomy for Large SMH

This surgical alternative is useful for thick and organized hemorrhages.

Manish Nagpal, MS, FRCS, FASRS; Anjana Mirajkar, MS, FVRS; and Malvika Singh, MS, DNB, FICO

Therapies for IRDs: Moving Beyond Single-Gene Solutions

Emerging gene-agnostic strategies target shared pathways and offer options for IRD patients without mutation-specific therapies.

Aykut Demirkol, MD; Rajvir Solanky; Jayvin Hernandez-Reyes; Ilay Demirkol; and Kuzey Soydas

IRD Clinical Trial Endpoints: Lessons Learned

Choosing the right outcome measures for inherited retinal disease trials requires matching endpoints to disease biology, therapeutic mechanism, and patient experience.

Melissa Yuan, MD, and Ahmad Al Moujahed, MD, PhD

A Look at Orphan Drug Development in Retina

The regulatory pathway has matured, and the commercial and reimbursement lessons have sharpened.

Thomas A. Ciulla, MD, MBA